Judas Iscariote
Apostle Judas
The traitor Judas Iscariot was the son of Simon, who lived in Kerioth, Judah. He betrayed Jesus in exchange for thirty coins and then hanged himself (Matthew 26:14;Matthew 26:15;Matthew 26:16).
Judas, le traître, est l'énigme ultime du Nouveau Testament car il est difficile d'imaginer comment quelqu'un d'aussi proche de Jésus, qui a été témoin de tant de miracles et a entendu tant de l'enseignement du Maître, pourrait jamais le livrer entre les mains de ses ennemis. .
His name appears on three different lists of the Twelve Apostles (Matthew 10:4;Mark 3:19;Luke 6:19). Judas is said to have come from Judah near Jericho. He was a Judean, while the other disciples were Galileans. He was the band’s treasurer and one of its most outspoken leaders.
Judas is said to have been a violent Jewish nationalist who had followed Jesus in the hope that his nationalistic flame and dreams would be realized through Him. No one can deny that Judas was greedy and took advantage of his position as band treasurer to steal from the common purse.
There is no clear reason why Judas betrayed his master; however, it was not his betrayal that led to Jesus’ death on the cross; it was our sins. His apostolic symbol is a noose or a money purse with coins falling from it.
Judas avec Jésus
There was nothing about Jesus that Judas admired more than his overall attractive and exquisitely charming personality. The traitor was never able to overcome his Judean prejudices against his Galilean associates, and he would even criticize Jesus in his mind.
Ce Judéen satisfait de lui-même osa critiquer dans son propre cœur l'homme que onze des apôtres considéraient comme l'homme parfait, comme « l'un tout à fait charmant et le plus grand parmi dix mille ».
Il croyait que Jésus hésitait et avait peur d'affirmer son pouvoir et son autorité.
Judas était une aventure de foi pour Jésus. Le Maître a reconnu dès le début la faiblesse de cet apôtre et était bien conscient des risques de l'admettre dans la communion. Cependant, c'est la nature des Fils de Dieu de fournir à chaque être créé une chance pleine et égale de salut et de survie.
Betrayal of Jesus
Il a trahi Jésus, ce qui a entraîné son arrestation et sa condamnation ultérieure par l'organe judiciaire juif, le Sanhédrin. Suite à sa condamnation, Jésus a été crucifié par les autorités romaines en Judée, sur les conseils de prêtres et d'anciens juifs.
Cependant, différents récits de sa trahison existent. Les chercheurs ont proposé divers motifs pour l'acte au fil du temps et ont même mis en doute la véracité de l'affirmation selon laquelle il a trahi Jésus.
The ‘Gospel of Mark’ contains the earliest account of his betrayal. According to this gospel, when Judas went to the Jewish priests to betray Jesus, he was offered 30 pieces of silver as a bribe. At the same time, it was unclear whether he went to the priests to betray Jesus for money or some other reason.
Selon «l'Évangile de Matthieu», il a trahi Jésus pour un pot-de-vin de 30 pièces d'argent de prêtres juifs.
Selon cet évangile, il a identifié Jésus avec un baiser (immortalisé dans l'histoire comme le « baiser de Judas ») et l'a révélé aux soldats du grand prêtre juif Joseph Caïphe, qui a ensuite remis Jésus aux soldats de Ponce Pilate, le Gouverneur romain de Judée. Selon l'évangile, Jésus prévoyait que Judas le trahirait.
Le pot-de-vin de 30 pièces d'argent est mentionné dans « l'Évangile de Jean », mais il n'est pas mentionné dans « l'Évangile de Jean ». Il le décrit comme insatisfait de l'argent dépensé en parfums pour oindre Jésus alors qu'il aurait pu être dépensé pour les pauvres. Selon l'évangile, Jésus a prévu sa trahison et a permis qu'elle se produise.
L'Évangile de Judas a suscité un débat, certains universitaires affirmant que la version de la National Geographic Society était une mauvaise traduction du texte copte et que le public a été induit en erreur en lui faisant croire que le document dépeint un « noble Judas ».
Dans tous les cas, l'Évangile de Judas a été écrit au moins un siècle après la mort de Jésus et Judas, il contient donc peu d'informations historiquement fiables sur leur vie, et il ne fournit certainement pas le chaînon manquant pour comprendre les véritables motivations de Judas Iscariot.
“The truth is we don’t know why Judas did what he did,”
notes Cargill.
“The grand irony, of course, is that without [Judas’s betrayal], Jesus doesn’t get handed over to the Romans and crucified. Without Judas, you don’t have the central component of Christianity—you don’t have the Resurrection.”
Death of Judas
His death is described in a variety of ways. These descriptions of his death were gleaned from the New Testament and other sources. After betraying Jesus, Judas was filled with regret and remorse, according to the ‘Gospel of Matthew.’
According to the gospel, he went to return the 30 pieces of silver he received as a bribe for betraying Jesus to the Jewish priests. Because it was blood money, the priests refused to accept it. As a result, he threw away the 30 pieces of silver and left. He then s'est suicidé par pendaisonlui-même.
Who Replaced Judas?
Mathias was selected to replace Judas as recorded in Actes 1:15;Acts 1:16;Acts 1:17;Acts 1:18;Acts 1:19;Acts 1:20;Acts 1:21;Actes 1:22,Acts 1:23;Acts 1:24;Acts 1:25; Acts 1:-26. The other man who was also in consideration was named Joseph or Barsabas and surnamed Justus. Lots were cast and eventually, Matthias was chosen.
« Toi, Seigneur, qui connais le cœur de tous, montre lequel de ces deux tu as choisi pour participer à ce ministère et à cet apostolat dont Judas est tombé par transgression, afin qu'il aille à sa place. »
Et il fut compté avec les onze apôtres. La Bible est clairsemée sur des détails supplémentaires concernant Matthias, mais elle dit que Matthias était avec Jésus depuis son baptême jusqu'à sa résurrection.
A part le livre des Actes, Matthias n'est mentionné nulle part ailleurs dans la Bible. Selon des sources historiques, Matthias a vécu jusqu'en 80 après JC et a propagé l'évangile sur les rives de la Caspienne et de la Cappadoce.
Clé à emporter
On se souvient de Judas Iscariote pour une seule chose : trahir Jésus-Christ. Même si Judas a exprimé plus tard des regrets, son nom est devenu synonyme de traîtres et de renégats à travers l'histoire. Sa motivation semblait être la cupidité, mais certains chercheurs pensent que des motivations politiques se cachaient sous sa trahison.
Dans le judaïsme du premier siècle, le nom Judas signifiait « louez le Seigneur ». Le nom de famille « Iscariot » signifie « homme de Kerioth », une ville du sud de la Judée. Judas était le seul des douze qui n'était pas de Galilée.
L'évangile de Marc révèle le moins sur Judas, attribuant ses actions à aucun motif particulier. Judas est simplement la personne qui a remis Jésus aux principaux sacrificateurs. Le récit de Matthieu donne plus de détails et dépeint Judas comme un homme sans scrupules.
Luc goes even further, saying that Satan entered Judas.
Judas Iscariot Characteristics
Characteristics of Judas Iscariot through time always made people have mixed feelings about Judas. Some experience a sense of hatred toward him, others feel pity, and some have even considered him a hero. No matter how you react to Judas, one thing is sure; believers can benefit greatly by taking a serious look at his life. During Jesus’ public ministry, Judas traveled everywhere with Him and lived in close proximity to Him but never seemed to share His spirit.
Some have suggested that Jesus got His directions wrong in choosing Judas to be one of His disciples. Following the characteristics of the 12 apostles, this cannot possibly be so; however, one of Christ’s divine qualities was His ability to know what was in every man (see John 2:25). Whatever His reason for choosing Judas, we can be sure it was not because of a mistake.
Hypocrite
Having chosen Judas to be one of the disciples, Jesus gives him a trusted position as keeper of the common purse. However, he proved to be unworthy of that trust, taking for himself the money that had been donated to support Jesus and the disciples.
Judas’ greed and hypocrisy were also shown by his willingness to betray the Son of God for the price of a slave (Exodus 21:32) and in his pretended concern for the welfare of the poor when he criticized Mary of Bethany for anointing Jesus’ feet with costly ointment.
His continued presence in the apostolic band must have daily involved him in hypocrisy as his heart became increasingly turned away from Jesus.
Traitor Judas
The Gospel writers, on almost every occasion, when Judas’ name is mentioned, refer to him as the betrayer of Jesus. The betrayal of Christ was indeed a heinous crime, and there can be no doubt that Judas acted as the instrument of Satan in perpetuating it.
In fact, in one place, Jesus describes Judas as a devil (John 6:70), and it appears that Satan entered into him following his rejection of Jesus’ final gesture of love at Le dernier souper(John 13:27). Jesus also describes him as “the son of perdition” (John 12:17), and nothing good is ever said about him except, perhaps, that he was capable of feeling remorse after seeing the result of his evil crime.
Betrayal foretold
Jesus, being the person He was the divine Son of God, knew both the strengths and weaknesses of every one of His disciples. He took steps also to alert them to the evil possibilities that lay deep in their hearts.
When Pierre insisted that he would never deny Him, Jesus tried to prepare him for the next hours by telling him that he would deny Him, not just once or twice, but three times.
He does something similar with Judas Iscariot on the eve of His betrayal as if He wants to allow him to repent of his evil intentions. As we know, however, Judas is so bent on evil that he remains unmoved even when treated as an honored guest at the Dernière Cène.
Iscariot is understood to be equivalent to ish-Kerioth, that is, “man of Kerioth.” Kerioth was a town in South Judea. The other disciples were all from Galilee. The southern Jews regarded the northerners with a certain superiority.
Betrayal Accomplished
Following the raising of Lazarus from the dead, the high priest and the Jewish leaders were deeply concerned that Jesus might recruit more followers to His cause and determined to put Him to death. Jesus’ high level of popularity at this time, however, meant that they must go about their plans with great care and caution. Judas’ offer of betrayal was an opportunity that was too good to miss.
His knowledge of Jesus’ movements would enable him to lead the soldiers to a place where they could arrest Him without too much of the populace being aware of it. In the Garden of Gethsemane, Judas greets Jesus with the word “Master!” followed by a spurious show of affection, which results in Christ’s arrest.
Remorseful
Once Christ has been condemned, and it becomes obvious that He is to die on the cross, the full weight of what He has done bursts in upon Judas’ conscience. Returning to the temple, he pleads with the priests to take back the money, confessing,
“I have betrayed innocent blood”.
They coldly reply that his problems are his affair and that it means nothing to them.
Judas then throws the thirty pieces of silver at their feet and, overcome by remorse, goes out and hangs himself. He has served the priests’ unholy enterprise, and, having no further use for him, they abandon him to the inferno that his rejection of Christ has made inevitable.
Replaced
As a result of Judas’ suicide, the number of disciples is reduced to eleven. Peter quotes prophecies from the Scripture, which, under the Holy Spirit’s inspiration, applies to Judas. These Scriptures (Psalm 69:25;Psalm 109:8) show that a suitable person should fill the vacant office the qualifications being that he should have accompanied the apostles during the time of Jesus’ public ministry and that he was a witness of the Resurrection.
Two candidates are selected and, after prayer, lots are cast. The one on whom the lot falls is Saint Matthias, who then becomes the twelfth apostle. Nothing more is said of Matthias as an individual, only corporately as one of the twelve.
Caractéristiques récapitulatives
Judas Iscariot is always the last disciple placed on the list of twelve. Judas Iscariot is often referred to as Judas the Betrayer, and he is known and will forever be known for the one act of betrayal of the Lord.
Judas was the disciple who did not truly believe in the love of Jesus, and when the chief priests were looking for a way to arrest Jesus, Judas provided them with that way by identifying Jesus with a kiss in return for thirty pieces of silver. Judas is frequently referred to as the only disciple who was separated from God in his death as he never had salvation due to his betrayal, thievery, and lies.
Caractéristiques des ressources
http://ubdavid.org/bible/characters3/characters3-11.html
https://us15.campaignarchive.com/?u=c154da2d2cc06f2b64216a0d5&id=b2b255c4cb
https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/misc/apostles.cfm
https://www.exploringlifesmysteries.com/twelve-disciples/#john
https://gbible.org/doctrines-post/the-12-apostles/
Summary
Judas Iscariot était l'un des 12 premiers disciples de Jésus-Christ et le fondateur du christianisme. Judas a trahi son maître, Jésus-Christ, conduisant à sa crucifixion pour hérésie. Judas est devenu synonyme d'une personne qui trahit une cause supérieure ou une grande personne, bien qu'il soit vilipendé dans le christianisme traditionnel comme un homme de mauvaise moralité ou l'incarnation du diable.
Historically, the legend of Judas was used to justify the persecution of the Jewish community in Europe and the Middle East. From the beginning of Christianity to the majority of the twentieth century, he was almost always portrayed negatively in art, literature, drama, and other forms of popular culture.
L'Enfer de Dante, l'une des œuvres les plus célèbres de la littérature occidentale, le dépeint comme un personnage maléfique condamné au plus bas cercle de l'Enfer, aux côtés des assassins de Jules César, Brutus et Cassius.
Scholarly studies and popular culture have featured more sympathetic portrayals of Judas since the 1970s. In the 1970s, the discovery of the Gospel of Judas in Egypt was a revelation. Its translation, published in 2006, depicted Judas Iscariot’s life in a new light and aided in the reassessment of his image.
Ressources
https://truthbook.com/jesus/passion-of-the-christ/who-was-judas-iscariot
https://www.bibleinfo.com/en/questions/who-were-twelve-disciples#judas
https://www.history.com/news/why-judas-betrayed-jesus
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Judas-Iscariot
https://www.learnreligions.com/judas-iscariot-betrayer-of-jesus-christ-701078